Biopsychology
Biopsychology

Neurotheology: The Neuroscience of Spiritual Experience

When meditating, do you feel completely tranquil? At prayer, do you get a sense of connection with a power greater than yourself, or do you experience a moment when your ordinary worries disappear? Whatever else these experiences might be spiritual, religious, meditative, or a deep psychological state you’ve probably wondered how they appear to the

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Biopsychology Clinical Health Psychology

Epigenetics and Psychological Disorders: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Implications

Epigenetics refers to processes that alter gene activity without changing the DNA sequence. The DNA sequence remains the same, while some processes can change gene activity in the DNA. Today, several serious illnesses have links with epigenetic mechanisms, linking with almost all types of cancer, cognitive dysfunction, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular illness. Behind this rigid process

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Sleep

What Are Hypnagogic Hallucinations? Causes, Symptoms, and When to Worry

Have you ever felt like you’re just moments away from sleeping when your name is called?  Perhaps you saw a flash or shadow, experienced a feeling as you were about to fall, felt like someone else was in the room with you, only to become fully aware and realise nobody was actually there. Situations like

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Sleep

Understanding Dreams: Freud, Jung, and the Neuroscience of REM Sleep

The human dream state remained a mystical province for centuries, reserved for divine intervention. However, in this day and age, in modern psychology, especially for students at the crossroads between Philosophy, Psychology and Neural Science, dreams have been turned into a sophisticated cognitive exercise. The “language” of dreams is a complex synthesis where the primal energies

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Brain

What is Theory of Mind?

Life is an ocean of interspersed events, obstacles, opportunities, and ups and downs through which we constantly sail, as in the labyrinth of life. People spend most of their time thinking and feeling, and absorbing themselves in thoughts and values about their existence. Sometimes it is so shocking to realise that other humans go through

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Biopsychology Brain

Understanding Semantic Memory

Internally, we each possess a vast and intricate library-a repository of words, concepts, facts, and ideas collected throughout our lives. Psychologists and neuroscientists call such an internal library “semantic memory.” From this basis of understanding, one can recognise faces, understand speech, remember the dates of a historical event, and navigate the complicated web of everyday

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Brain

The Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Functioning 

We make hundreds of decisions every day. Some are minor, like choosing what to eat for lunch, and others are more complex, like resolving a disagreement or planning next week’s schedule. We shift from one task to another, stay focused through interruptions, hold information in mind while working through a problem, and stop ourselves from

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Biopsychology

Key Differences Between Working Memory and Short-Term Memory 

Memory plays a crucial role in our lives; our actions are often shaped by how we recall and interpret past experiences. When we focus on the memory part of the brain, the human mind has mostly four types of memories, namely, Short-term memory, Working memory, long-term memory and Sensory memory. Short-term memory and working memory

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Brain

The Role of the Limbic System in Emotion and Behaviour

This article examines the capacities of the limbic framework within the feeling and behaviour of man. The limbic system consists of a collection of interconnected structures in the brain that are particularly known to contribute to emotional response and its biological basis, memory formation, and behavioural control. The overall anatomy and function of the structures

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Neurons

Mirror Neurons and Their Role in Empathy and Imitation

While many animals are involved in mimicry, humans are the best. Some earlier thinkers suggested that our ability to imitate was related to our ability to have empathy and recognize what others are thinking, but for much of our advancement, we didn’t have an understanding of the relationship between imitation and empathy, nor did we

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